Inndragning og Grunnloven § 96 tredje ledd
Sammendrag
Sammendrag
Artikkelen behandler Grl. § 96 tredje ledd (tidligere § 104) og relasjonen til de strafferettslige inndragningsreglene (strl. § 69-70). Den opprinnelige Grl. § 104 ble til for å verne borgerne mot alminnelig formuesstraff som medførte at domfeltes samlede formue og faste eiendom ble forbrutt til staten som følge av en straffbar handling. Grl. § 104 sto uendret i 200 år fra 1814 frem til grunnlovsendringen i 2014 da den ble flyttet til § 96. Selv om hovedregelen i Grl. § 96 tredje ledd langt på vei er en videreføring av § 104, ble den også endret. Den fikk en ny ordlyd, en ny systematisk plassering og en ny struktur. Lovgiverens begrunnelse for endringene, både hva gjelder behovet for endringene og konsekvensene av dem, var imidlertid tynn. Analysen viser at istedenfor å tydeliggjøre rettstilstanden (dersom dette var ambisjonen) hadde endringene de facto en delvis motsatt effekt i relasjon til inndragningsreglene. Ikke bare var det usikkert om unntakene i det hele tatt var nødvendige, men unntakenes innhold er uklart og rekkevidden er delvis uklar. To grunner til dette var at rekkevidden til den opprinnelige Grl. § 104 tilsynelatende ikke ble tilstrekkelig utredet, og at unntakene ikke i tilstrekkelig grad ble koordinert med innholdet i de materielle inndragningsreglene. En bedre løsning hadde muligens vært å la hovedregelen stå uten unntak, slik Grl. § 104 hadde gjort i nesten 200 år.
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Abstract
The article analyses section 96(3) (previously section 104) of the Norwegian Constitution and its relation to the existing provisions on criminal confiscation (sections 67-70 of the Penal Code). The original constitutional provision (section 104) was implemented to protect citizens from punishment that resulted in the total confiscation of the defendantʼs wealth and real estate as a result of a criminal offence. Section 104 remained unchanged for 200 years from 1814 until the constitutional amendment in 2014 when it was moved to section 96 and received a new wording and a new systematic location. In addition, the structure of the provision was changed. However, the explanation provided by the legislature for these changes, both with regard to the need for them and their consequences, was thin. The analysis shows that instead of clarifying the legal situation (if that indeed was the purpose), the changes introduced by the lawmaker de facto had a partially opposite effect. Not only was it uncertain if the exceptions were at all necessary, but the content and scope of the exceptions were unclear. Two reasons for this were, first, that the scope of the original section 104 apparently was not sufficiently discussed by the committee suggesting the amendments. Secondly, the exceptions introduced were not sufficiently coordinated with the content of the substantive confiscation rules in criminal law. A better solution might have been to leave the main rule without exceptions, as indeed the structure of section 104 had been for nearly 200 years.
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Copyright © H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard) AS - Universitetsforlaget 2024.
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Published online: 22 March 2024
Issue date: 22 March 2024
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